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During an emergency scrotal exploration at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, a 15-year-old boy, Kofi, is found to have a torted left testis that has been ischaemic for approximately eight hours. After d…

A 15-year-old boy, Kwabena, is brought to a district hospital surgical unit in Brong-Ahafo at 23:00 h with a 4-hour history of acute left scrotal pain. He is afebrile (37.0°C), heart rate 94 bpm. Exam…

During an emergency scrotal exploration for left testicular torsion in a 17-year-old boy, Kwabena, at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, the registrar delivers the left testis through a midline raphe inc…

A 17-year-old boy, Mensah, presents to a regional hospital in the Volta Region with a 6-hour history of right scrotal pain. He has a background of sickle-cell disease (HbSS). His usual medications inc…

A 14-year-old boy, Kwame, is brought to the emergency department of a regional hospital in the Ashanti Region by his parents at 02:00 hours. He woke from sleep 3 hours ago with sudden-onset severe lef…

A 14-year-old boy, Kwame, is brought to the emergency department of a regional hospital in the Ashanti Region by his father at 02:00 hours. He woke from sleep two hours ago with sudden-onset severe le…

A 14-year-old boy, Kwame, is brought by his mother to the emergency department of a regional hospital in the Ashanti Region at 02:00 hours with a 3-hour history of sudden-onset severe right scrotal pa…

A 13-year-old boy, Kofi, is brought to Korle Bu Teaching Hospital emergency department with an 8-hour history of left scrotal pain. On examination, the left testis is high-riding and transversely orie…

A 14-year-old boy, Kwame, is brought to the emergency department of a regional hospital in Ashanti by his mother at 02:00 hours. He woke from sleep two hours ago with sudden-onset severe left scrotal …

A 12-year-old boy, Kwabena, presents to the Tamale Teaching Hospital emergency department with a 4-hour history of sudden right scrotal pain. He is afebrile, pulse 90 bpm. Examination reveals a tender…

A 13-year-old boy, Mensah, is brought to a district hospital in the Brong-Ahafo Region at 23:00 hours with a four-hour history of right-sided scrotal pain and one episode of vomiting. The on-call surg…

A 28-year-old man, Kofi, a petty trader, presents to a district hospital in the Northern Region with a 20-hour history of left scrotal pain and swelling. He initially dismissed the pain as a minor inj…

A 16-year-old boy, Kofi, is referred from a district hospital in the Northern Region to the regional hospital after 10 hours of left-sided scrotal pain. The referring notes document a negative urine d…

A 16-year-old boy, Yaw, presents to the district hospital surgical ward in Northern Region with a 5-hour history of right-sided scrotal pain and swelling. He reports one episode of vomiting. He has no…

A 13-year-old boy, Yaw, presents to the Korle Bu Paediatric Surgical Unit with a 4-hour history of sudden-onset right scrotal pain and swelling. He is known to have sickle-cell disease (HbSS), confirm…

A 16-year-old boy, Yaw, is reviewed in the emergency unit of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital at 09:00 h with a 5-hour history of left scrotal pain and swelling. He recalls a similar but self-resolving …

A 16-year-old boy, Kwame, is brought to the emergency department of a regional hospital in the Ashanti Region by his father at 02:00 hours. He woke from sleep two hours ago with sudden-onset severe ri…

A 44-year-old woman, Ama, undergoes total thyroidectomy at the UGMC surgical unit for a 2.8 cm follicular thyroid carcinoma with vascular invasion confirmed on frozen section. Intraoperatively, the co…

A 67-year-old woman, Yaa, is brought by relatives to the emergency department at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital with a 3-week history of rapidly enlarging anterior neck swelling, severe dysphagia, and pro…

A 52-year-old man, Kwabena, is referred from a regional hospital in the Northern Region to the Tamale Teaching Hospital surgical firm. He presented with a 4-month history of a neck swelling that has g…

A 52-year-old man, Kwame, is referred from a regional hospital in the Volta Region to the Korle Bu Head and Neck surgical unit with a 3-year history of a slowly enlarging right thyroid nodule. His dau…

A 67-year-old woman, Ama, is brought by relatives to the Korle Bu emergency surgical unit with a 3-week history of rapidly enlarging anterior neck swelling, severe dysphagia, and progressive stridor. …

During a total thyroidectomy for a 2.8 cm follicular thyroid carcinoma at the UGMC surgical theatre, the registrar is dissecting the right upper pole. The consultant asks the registrar to identify the…

A 52-year-old man, Kwabena, is referred from a regional hospital in the Ashanti Region to Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital with a 6-month history of progressive anterior neck swelling and a 3-week histo…

Akua, a 38-year-old schoolteacher from Kumasi, presents to the Komfo Anokye surgical outpatient clinic with a 4-month history of a painless swelling in the anterior neck. She denies dysphagia, hoarsen…

Kwabena, a 52-year-old male cocoa farmer, is referred from a district hospital in Brong-Ahafo to a regional hospital with a 3-year history of a slowly enlarging anterior neck swelling. He reports no p…

Yaa, a 34-year-old woman, is referred from a regional hospital in Ashanti to the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital endocrine surgical unit with a 3 cm right thyroid nodule. She reports no compressive sym…

Kofi, a 45-year-old male civil servant, attends the UGMC surgical outpatient clinic with a 3-month history of an incidentally detected right thyroid nodule found on neck ultrasound done during a routi…

Ama, a 45-year-old female civil servant, attends the UGMC surgical outpatient clinic with an incidentally discovered thyroid nodule found on a neck ultrasound performed for an unrelated cervical lymph…

A 38-year-old woman, Akua, presents to the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital endocrine surgical clinic with a 6-month history of a slowly enlarging anterior neck swelling. She has no dysphagia, dysphonia…