A Year 5 student is reviewing epidemiology notes and comes across the concept of the 'epidemiological triad'. She reads that for any infectious disease to occur, three components must interact: the ag…
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During a community health lecture at a teaching hospital, a public health physician discusses the concept of preventing disease before its biological onset by addressing underlying socioeconomic and e…
A demography student analyses a population pyramid for a West African country and observes a broad base that progressively narrows towards the apex. The pyramid has a triangular shape with a wide base…
A health planner reviewing data for a district in the Volta Region finds that the population aged 0–14 years is 45,000, the population aged 15–64 years is 80,000, and the population aged 65 years and …
A district surveillance officer in the Savannah Region receives a report of 15 cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in children under 15 years within a two-week period across three sub-districts. St…
A 28-year-old primigravida, Akosua, attends an antenatal clinic at a district hospital in the Ashanti Region at 14 weeks of gestation. She is HIV-negative, has no known drug allergies, and her haemogl…
A community health officer at a CHPS compound in the Bono East Region has recorded 12 confirmed malaria cases in children under five over the past two weeks. She has a stock of rapid diagnostic test (…
A district health officer in the Upper West Region reviews the weekly disease surveillance reports and notes that in the past seven days, 18 cases of cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM) have been confirmed…
A district health team in the Northern Region is reviewing malaria control activities. The regional malaria coordinator notes that indoor residual spraying (IRS) was conducted six months ago but malar…
A district health officer in the Oti Region is reviewing the under-five immunisation coverage data for her district. The EPI report shows that pentavalent vaccine coverage (Penta3) is 78%, but measles…
A 45-year-old trader, Ama, is seen at the OPD of a district hospital in the Volta Region. She has no known chronic illness. Her blood pressure today is 158/96 mmHg. A repeat measurement 30 minutes lat…
Yaa is a 45-year-old market trader who presents to a regional hospital OPD with a two-month history of productive cough. Sputum smear microscopy is positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) on two occasion…
Akua, a 28-year-old primigravida attending her first antenatal visit at a district hospital in the Ashanti Region at 14 weeks of gestation, is found to have no record of childhood immunisation. She ha…
A community health nurse at a CHPS compound in the Upper West Region identifies a cluster of five children under five with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) without medical complications in the same vil…
Akosua, a 28-year-old woman in her second trimester of pregnancy, attends an antenatal clinic at a district hospital in the Ashanti Region. She has never been screened for tuberculosis. She reports a …
Kofi is a 35-year-old farmer who presents to a district hospital OPD with a three-week history of productive cough, drenching night sweats, and a 6 kg weight loss. He is HIV-positive with a CD4 count …
A district health team in the Volta Region is planning a contact-tracing programme for pulmonary tuberculosis. The index case is Kofi, a 35-year-old smear-positive TB patient who lives in a compound h…
The Ghana Health Service is evaluating its Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) programme in a rural district in the Volta Region. A district health manager notes that the CHPS compound…
During a routine supervisory visit to a CHPS compound in the Upper West Region, a district health officer reviews the immunisation register. She notes that several children aged 9 months have received…
A health officer in a district in the Northern Region is investigating a cluster of meningitis cases in January. Over two weeks, 18 cases of acute bacterial meningitis with purpuric rash have been not…
A community health officer at a CHPS compound in the Upper West Region is reviewing the roles of the Community Health Officer (CHO) stationed there. A medical student on community health posting asks …
A community health nurse at a CHPS compound in the Central Region is reviewing the immunisation records of infants born in her catchment area. She notes that a 10-week-old infant named Esi received he…
A public health student is reviewing Ghana's National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) strategy. She notes that indoor residual spraying (IRS) and insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are both used for vec…
Ama, a 28-year-old woman in her second trimester, attends an antenatal clinic at a CHPS compound in the Bono East Region. She has received two doses of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) for intermittent…
A district health directorate in the Savannah Region is planning its annual Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) review. The district TB coordinator presents data showing that of 80 new sme…
A 52-year-old male gold miner from Obuasi presents to the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital with a six-month history of progressive exertional dyspnoea, productive cough, and night sweats. He has worked …
A 52-year-old small-scale gold miner from the Western Region is brought to the OPD by his wife. She reports that over the past six months he has developed tremor of both hands, difficulty walking, and…
A climate change adaptation officer from the Ghana Health Service presents data showing that the Upper East Region has experienced a 1.8°C rise in mean annual temperature over the past 20 years, with …
Yaw, a 58-year-old cocoa farmer in the Ashanti Region, presents to the district hospital with progressive shortness of breath, a dry cough, and weight loss over eight months. He reports mixing and app…
A district environmental health officer in the Upper East Region is investigating a cluster of healthcare workers at a regional hospital who developed febrile illnesses and skin lesions after handling…